Let us learn with fun :Constitution of Nepal
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संविधान (Sambidhan)
Constitution – The supreme law of Nepal.
सावभौमसत्ता (Sarvabhaumasatta)
Sovereignty – Supreme power or authority, vested in the Nepali people.
राजकीयसत्ता (Rajkiyasatta)
State power – The power exercised by the state.
मौलिक हक (Maulik Hak)
Fundamental Rights – Basic human rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
कर्तव्य (Kartavya)
Duties – Responsibilities of citizens.
संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक (Sanghiya Loktantrik Ganatantratmak)
Federal Democratic Republican – The form of governance adopted by Nepal.
धर्मनिरपेक्ष (Dharmanirpeksha)
Secular – Implying the protection of Sanatan Dharma and religious and cultural freedom.
समावेशी (Samaveshi)
Inclusive – Aiming to represent diverse groups in the state apparatus.
प्रतिनिधिसभा (Pratinidhi Sabha)
House of Representatives – The lower house of the Federal Parliament.
राष्ट्रिय सभा (Rastriya Sabha)
National Assembly – The upper house of the Federal Parliament.
प्रधानमन्त्री (Pradhanmantri)
Prime Minister – The head of the Executive.
राष्ट्रपति (Rashtrapati)
President – The head of state.
उपराष्ट्रपति (Uprashtrapati)
Vice-President.
सर्वोच्च अदालत (Sarvochcha Adalat)
Supreme Court – The highest court in Nepal.
उच्च अदालत (Uchcha Adalat)
High Court – Provincial level courts.
जिल्ला अदालत (Jilla Adalat)
District Court – Local level courts.
महान्यायाधिवक्ता (Mahanyayadhivakta)
Attorney General – The chief legal advisor to the Government of Nepal.
अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग (Akhtiyar Durupayog Anusandhan Aayog)
Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) – A constitutional body to investigate corruption.
महालेखा परीक्षक (Mahalekha Parikshak)
Auditor General – A constitutional body responsible for auditing government accounts.
लोक सेवा आयोग (Lok Sewa Aayog)
Public Service Commission – A constitutional body for selecting civil service employees.
निर्वाचन आयोग (Nirvachan Aayog)
Election Commission – A constitutional body responsible for conducting elections.
राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार आयोग (Rastriya Manav Adhikar Aayog)
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) – A constitutional body for the protection and promotion of human rights.
राष्ट्रिय प्राकृतिक स्रोत तथा वित्त आयोग (Rastriya Prakritik Srot Tatha Vitta Aayog)
National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission – A constitutional body for revenue sharing and resource management.
सङ्कटकालीन अवस्था (Sankatkalin Awastha)
State of Emergency – A temporary condition declared in times of grave crisis.
अध्यक्ष (Adhyadesh)
Ordinance – A temporary law promulgated by the President when the Federal Parliament is not in session.
विधेयक (Vidheyak)
Bill – A proposed law presented to the Federal Parliament or Provincial Assembly.
अर्थ विधेयक (Artha Vidheyak)
Finance Bill – A bill related to financial matters, which can only be introduced in the House of Representatives.
प्रदेश (Pradesh)
Province – A federal unit of Nepal.
स्थानीय तह (Sthaniya Tah)
Local Level – Comprising Rural Municipalities, Municipalities, and District Assemblies.
गाउँपालिका (Gaunpalika)
Rural Municipality.
नगरपालिका (Nagarpalika)
Municipality.
जिल्ला सभा (Jilla Sabha)
District Assembly.
अनुसूची (Anusuchi)
Schedule – Lists detailing powers, districts, national symbols, etc.
मिाभियोग (Mahabhiyog)
Impeachment – The process of formally charging a public official with misconduct.
सामूहिक सौदाबाजी (Samuhik Saudabaji)
Collective Bargaining – The process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees.
गरिबी निवारण (Garibi Nivaran)
Poverty Alleviation.
बसोबास (Basobas)
Settlement/Residency.
आर्थिक विपन्न (Aarthik Vipanna)
Economically Deprived.
अपाङ्गता भएका व्यक्ति (Apangata Bhayeka Vyakti)
Persons with Disabilities.
लैंगिक तथा यौनिक अल्पसंख्यक (Laingik Tatha Yaunik Alpsankhyak)
Gender and Sexual Minorities.
ज्येष्ठ नागरिक (Jyestha Nagarik)
Senior Citizens.
सुकुम्बासी (Sukumvasi)
Landless people.
गुठी (Gutthi)
Trust land/Endowment.
अन्तरप्रदेश परिषद् (Antarpradesh Parishad)
Inter-Provincial Council – A body for coordination between the federal and provincial governments.
Fun Blocks — Click a Question to Reveal the Answer!
What is the foundational principle of the relationship between the Federation, Provinces, and Local Levels in Nepal, according to the Constitution?
The relationship is based on the principles of cooperation, co-existence, and coordination. This ensures a harmonious and functional federal system.
How is the President of Nepal elected, and what is the difference in vote weight between the members of the Federal Parliament and Provincial Assemblies?
The President is elected by an electoral college comprising members of the Federal Parliament and Provincial Assemblies. The vote weight of members of the Federal Parliament and Provincial Assemblies will differ as determined by federal law.
What are the key characteristics that define Nepal as a state, as stated in Article 4 of the Constitution?
Nepal is an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive, democratic, socialism-oriented, federal democratic republican state. The term "secular" implies the protection of Sanatan Dharma and religious and cultural freedom.
Describe the structure of the Federal Legislature (Federal Parliament) of Nepal, including its two houses and their respective compositions.
The Federal Legislature, known as the Federal Parliament, consists of two houses: the House of Representatives (275 members; 165 elected directly and 110 proportional) and the National Assembly (59 members; 56 elected from provinces, 3 nominated by the President).
Under what circumstances can the President declare a state of emergency in Nepal, and what are the initial approval requirements for such a declaration?
The President can declare a state of emergency if Nepal's sovereignty, geographical integrity, or security is gravely threatened by war, external aggression, armed revolt, economic disarray, disaster, or epidemic. The declaration/order must be presented to both houses of Parliament for approval within one month.
What is the role of the National Human Rights Commission, and what specific powers does it have to fulfill its duties?
The National Human Rights Commission is responsible for the respect, protection, and promotion of human rights and their implementation. It has powers akin to a court: summoning individuals, taking statements, examining evidence, and ordering compensation for violations.
How are the Chief Justice and other Supreme Court Justices appointed, and what are the qualifications for these positions?
The Chief Justice is appointed by the President on the Constitutional Council's recommendation. Other Justices are appointed by the President on the Judicial Council's recommendation. Qualifications include having a Bachelor's Degree in Law and relevant experience in legal/judicial fields.
What is the function of the Attorney General of Nepal, and what is their primary duty as the government's legal advisor?
The Attorney General is the chief legal advisor to the Government of Nepal and advises on constitutional and legal matters.
Which fundamental rights cannot be suspended even during a state of emergency, according to the Constitution?
During a state of emergency, certain fundamental rights—such as the right to live with dignity, freedom of press (except pre-censorship), right to justice, right against torture, and right to constitutional remedies (including habeas corpus)—cannot be suspended.
What are the criteria for the National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission to determine the detailed basis and framework for revenue sharing between the federal, provincial, and local governments?
The Commission determines the basis and framework for revenue sharing based on the Constitution and law, recommends equalization grants, and develops criteria for conditional grants for provinces and local governments.
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